Exhibit

  • Image of fifteen-year-old Maria Doležalová who took the oath as a prosecution witness during Nuremberg Trial Case 8, also known as the Main Race and Resettlement Office (RuSHA) trial. Fourteen senior officials from RuSHA and related Nazi racial agencies stood trial, charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes for orchestrating child abductions, forced expulsions, and the persecution and extermination of Jews across Nazi-occupied Europe. Photo credit: US Holocaust Memorial Museum, October 30, 1947
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    Contextualizing Genocide & Mass Atrocities

    The term “genocide” was coined in 1944 by the Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin. While he was a student at the University of Lviv in present-day…

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  • Picture of a student protest. In 1997, génocidaires from nearby Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo, where many people had fled in 1994) attacked Nyange Secondary School. They ordered students to separate by race. Having previously learned about the history and effects of genocide, the students refused, declaring, “We are all Rwandans.” Gunmen killed six students and severely injured two more who later died. Photo credit: Steven-Muvunyi / The New Times Rwanda, 2017
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    Rwanda (1994)

    Before colonial rule, Rwandans primarily identified with their clans and regions where they lived. Colonization, first by Germany and later Belgium, fundamentally transformed the existing…

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  • The testimony of survivors played a central role in the 2013 genocide trial of General José Effraín Ríos Montt. This picture shows Maria Soto and other Ixil women celebrated after he was found guilty of committing genocide against their people. Photo credit: Elena Hermosa, CC BY 2.0, May 11, 2013
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    Guatemala (1981-1983)

    The region that is now Guatemala was once a major center of Maya civilization. In the 1500s, Spanish colonizers imposed a racialized economic system of…

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  • Picture of the La Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada (the Navy School of Mechanics, commonly referred to as ESMA) as a clandestine center for detention, torture, and murder during the dictatorship. Since 2004, ESMA has operated as a museum and site of memory, preserving survivor testimony and documenting state terrorism and crimes against humanity committed by the junta between 1976 and 1983. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2023. Photo credit: Camilo Del Cerro / CC BY-SA 4.0, 2018
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    Argentina (1976-1983)

    Prior to 1929, Argentina was among the wealthiest countries in the world. The Great Depression (1929–1939), however, brought massive instability, leading to several military takeovers…

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  • Picture of artwork by artist Jeremy Dennis, a tribal member of the Shinnecock Indian Nation in Southampton, New York, who explores Indigenous identity, land, and cultural continuity in his work. For the campaign, Another Justice: By Any Medium Necessary, Dennis designed billboards installed on Shinnecock ancestral territory in Saratoga Springs, New York, and along Long Island’s Sunrise Highway. The project affirms “despite four hundred years of colonization, we remain anchored to our land by our ancient stories.” Photo credit: Jeremy Dennis (Shinnecock), b. 1990, We Are Still Here. Photo by waniwanipanicdj and Victor Miranda, 2022
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    Turtle Island (North America) (1492-Present)

    Turtle Island is the name many Indigenous nations, including the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), Lenape, and northeastern Algonquian peoples, use for what is now called North America….

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  • Picture of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) while organizing the Freedom Vote campaign to challenge voter suppression. Photo credit: Matt Herron / Take Stock, October 1, 1963
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    Transatlantic Slave Trade & Black America (1525-Present)

    From 1525 to 1866, an estimated 13 million African people were kidnapped from their homes along the West African coast. Confined in inhumane conditions, they…

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  • Picture of a person wearing a shirt with the words
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    Sudan (2003-Present)

    Sudan’s history of civilization stretches back to ancient times with its territory containing more pyramids than Egypt. The country gained independence from Britain in 1956…

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  • Image of the sectarian violence of 2012 which devastated Rohingya neighborhoods in central Sittwe, the capital of Rakhine State. Buddhist mobs attacked and destroyed mosques and homes with impunity. In response, Myanmar’s authorities forcibly relocated Rohingya residents to internal displacement persons (IDP) camps outside the city. Photo credit: Jack Kurtz / ZUMA / Alamy, November 8, 2014
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    Myanmar (2011-Present)

    The Rohingya are a Muslim minority indigenous to Buddhist-majority Myanmar, also known as Burma. For centuries, the Rohingya’s forebears were integrated into the Arakan Kingdom,…

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  • Picture of the the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, which prosecuted Japanese leaders for atrocities committed during World War II. American defense counsel Major Ben Bruce Blakeney challenged the charges of “crimes against peace,” arguing that international law had not yet defined aggressive war as a prosecutable offense, a claim that exposed deep legal debates over postwar accountability. Photo credit: US Army, May 14, 1946
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    East China (Nanjing) (1937-1938)

    The Nanjing Massacre, also known as the “Rape of Nanjing,” refers to the systematic assault on Chinese civilians during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). After…

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  • Picture of Laidlaw Peringanda, the great-grandson of a Herero woman who survived the genocide carried out by Germany from 1904 to 1908. In 2015, he built the Swakopmund Genocide Museum, a small genocide museum outside his home—one of the only such spaces in Namibia. For more than a decade, he has worked to educate the public about the first genocide of the 20th century, which has been long ignored in Western historical narratives. Photo credit: Mascarada17 / CC BY-SA 4.0, July 19, 2025
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    Namibia (1904-1908)

    The lands of present-day Namibia were home to several tribes, including the Herero and Nama. The Nama had lived there since before recorded history, while…

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  • Image of the 20th anniversary of the siege of Sarajevo, when the city lined its main avenue with 11,541 red chairs, each representing a life lost. Thousands gathered as a choir and orchestra performed songs composed during the siege, honoring the dead through remembrance and music. Photo credit: Sulejman Omerbašić / AP Photo, April 6, 2012
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    Bosnia & Herzegovina (1992-1995)

    Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) was long considered the most ethnically diverse country in the Western Balkans. Bosnian Muslims (Bošniaks), Bosnian Catholics (Bosnian Croats), and Bosnian…

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  • Image of all 482 seats in the public gallery of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) filled as the Trial Chamber held a preliminary hearing on Khmer Rouge leaders Ieng Thirith and Nuon Chea’s fitness to stand trial for crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide, and crimes under Cambodian law. Photo credit: Khmer Rouge Tribunal (ECCC), August 29, 2011
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    Cambodia (1975-1979)

    From April 17, 1975 to January 7, 1979, the Khmer Rouge enacted policies that killed nearly two million of Cambodia’s eight million people. These mass…

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